1. In your own words, define Boyle's law, Charle's law and Gay-Lussac's law.
2. If the atmospheric pressure is 2.00 torr, express the pressure in atm, psi, and kPa.
3. A sample of N2 gas occupies a volume of 143 mL at 50.0 °C and 2.00 atmospheres. What volume will it occupy when the pressure changes to 900.0 torr?
4. The graph of Pressure vs. Volume is linear or not linear?
5. A SCUBA diver inflates a balloon to 10.0 liters at the surface and takes it on a dive. At a depth of 100.0 feet, the pressure is 4.0 atm. Will the volume of the balloon increase or decrease? What was the new volume of the balloon?
1. Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature and moles of gas. Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure and moles of gas. Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant volume and moles of gas.
2. Converting atmospheric pressure (2.00 torr) to other units: 1 atm = 760 torr (by definition), 1 atm ≈ 14.7 psi (pounds per square inch), 1 atm ≈ 101.3 kPa (kilopascals).
3. Given: Initial volume (V1) = 143 mL, Initial pressure (P1) = 2.00 atm, Final pressure (P2) = 900.0 torr. The new volume would be calculated using Boyle's Law equation: V2 = (P1V1) / P2.
4. The graph of Pressure vs. Volume is linear, forming a downward-sloping line.
5. In the case of the SCUBA diver's balloon, as the pressure increases to 4.0 atm at a depth of 100.0 feet, the volume of the balloon will decrease. By applying Boyle's Law, we can calculate the new volume of the balloon.
Understanding Boyle's Law, Charle's Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law
Boyle's Law: The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature and moles of gas. As volume decreases, pressure increases, and vice versa. Mathematically expressed as P1V1 = P2V2 (where P is pressure and V is volume).
Charle's Law and Gay-Lussac's Law: Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure and moles of gas. Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant volume and moles of gas.
Unit Conversion: Atmospheric Pressure
1 atm = 760 torr (by definition)
1 atm ≈ 14.7 psi (pounds per square inch)
1 atm ≈ 101.3 kPa (kilopascals)
Calculating Volume Change
Given: Initial volume (V1) = 143 mL, Initial pressure (P1) = 2.00 atm, Final pressure (P2) = 900.0 torr. The new volume would be calculated using Boyle's Law equation: V2 = (P1V1) / P2
Graph of Pressure vs. Volume
The graph is linear, forming a downward-sloping line due to the inverse relationship between pressure and volume in Boyle's Law.
SCUBA Diver's Balloon
Initial volume (V1) = 10.0 liters, Initial pressure (P1) = 1 atm (surface pressure), Final pressure (P2) = 4.0 atm (at a depth of 100.0 feet). The volume of the balloon will decrease as pressure increases according to Boyle's Law.